What is the primary function of PEEP in mechanical ventilation?

The primary function of PEEP, or Positive End-Expiratory Pressure, in mechanical ventilation is to improve oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse. When PEEP is applied, it maintains a certain level of pressure in the airways at the end of expiration. This additional pressure keeps the alveoli open during the breathing cycle, enhancing functional residual capacity (FRC). By preventing the collapse of alveoli, PEEP allows for better gas exchange and increases the surface area available for oxygen uptake. This is particularly beneficial in conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pneumonia, where alveolar collapse can severely impair oxygenation.

Utilizing PEEP effectively results in improved oxygenation and can lead to decreased reliance on higher concentrations of supplemental oxygen. It is essential in managing patients requiring mechanical ventilation, particularly in instances where lung compliance may be compromised.