What is the importance of capnography during ventilation?

Capnography is a vital tool in assessing the effectiveness of ventilation and confirming proper tube placement. By measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air, capnography provides real-time feedback on the patient's ventilatory status. During positive pressure ventilation, it helps ensure that the air being delivered to the lungs is reaching its intended destination and that there is adequate alveolar ventilation, which reflects the exchange of CO2 and oxygen in the lungs.

A key aspect of using capnography is its ability to quickly identify improper tube placement, such as in the esophagus rather than the trachea, which could result in inadequate ventilation and oxygenation. A steady and normal range of end-tidal CO2 indicates effective ventilation and perfusion, while changes in this value can signal complications or the need for intervention.

In contrast, measuring blood pressure, monitoring oxygen saturation levels, or assessing neurological status does not provide the direct insight into ventilation efficacy or tube placement that capnography offers, making it a specific and essential part of advanced airway management.