What is a common complication of improperly placed endotracheal tubes?

When an endotracheal tube is improperly placed, one of the most common complications that can occur is right mainstem intubation. This happens when the tube is inserted too deeply and inadvertently enters the right main bronchus rather than being positioned in the trachea where it should be. The anatomy of the bronchial tree allows for the right main bronchus to be wider and more vertically oriented compared to the left, making it easier for the tube to slip into this branch.

When intubation is successful in the right mainstem bronchus, it can lead to inadequate ventilation of the left lung, as only the right lung receives air. This can result in significant issues, including the inability to provide sufficient oxygenation to the patient, and can ultimately lead to complications such as hypoxia or atelectasis of the left lung.

Understanding the correct placement of the endotracheal tube is essential for effective ventilation and oxygenation, and recognizing complications such as right mainstem intubation is crucial for appropriate patient management.