What actions should be performed when faced with a failed airway?

In the case of a failed airway, the primary objective is to ensure effective ventilation and oxygenation of the patient while minimizing potential complications. Calling for help, using alternative airway devices, and considering surgical airway management are essential and appropriate actions in this scenario.

When intubation attempts fail, it's critical to seek assistance from additional trained personnel who can provide support and expertise. This collaborative approach can enhance the likelihood of successful airway management. Additionally, alternative airway devices, such as bag-mask ventilation, supraglottic airways, or other rescue devices, can be employed to restore ventilation without further risking the patient's safety. If these non-invasive measures are inadequate and the situation remains life-threatening, surgical airway management, such as cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy, becomes a viable option. This step may be necessary to secure an airway and ensure that the patient does not suffer from hypoxia.

The emphasis on collaboration and flexibility in addressing the failed airway not only improves patient outcomes but also aligns with best practices in emergency medicine and airway management protocols. Thus, option B encapsulates a systematic and safety-conscious approach to a critical clinical situation.